Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in a calf in Japan and isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 1 from the affected calf.

Japanese encephalitis in a 114-month-old cow: pathological investigation of the affected cow and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus isolate

BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is classified into the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. JEV can cause febrile illness and encephalitis mainly in humans and horses, and occasionally in cattle. CASE PRESENTATION In late September 2010, a 114-month-old cow showed neurological symptoms similar to the symptoms observed in previous bovine cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE)...

Isolation and characterization of a bovine herpesvirus 3 From cases of calf pneumonia in Iran

Hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection in a longhorn calf.

A newborn Longhorn heifer calf presented with generalized tremors, muscle fasciculations, ataxia, and nystagmus. At necropsy, no gross central nervous system lesions were observed. Histologically, the brain and spinal cord had mild to moderate diffuse microgliosis and astrocytosis, minimal nonsuppurative encephalitis, and decreased myelin staining. Ultrastructural examination revealed thinning ...

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan

BACKGROUND Akabane virus is a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus in the family Bunyaviridae. It is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors such as Culicoides biting midges and is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world. The virus is well known as a teratogenic pathogen which causes abortions, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities with arthro...

Detection and Identification of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) in Calves in Iran

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is known as bovine lymphosarcoma and normally affects the old cattle. EBL is caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is generally spread all around the world. This virus is transmitted via bovine blood products within and between cattle herds. Glycoprotein GP51 in the blood is responsible for cattle immune responses to BLV. This virus has been previously dete...